How to Turn On Windshield Wipers: A Comprehensive Guide for Every Driver​

Turning on your windshield wipers is a basic yet critical skill every driver must master. Whether caught in a sudden downpour, dealing with morning dew, or clearing road spray from passing trucks, functional wipers keep your windshield clear—directly impacting visibility and safety. The process varies slightly by vehicle make, model, and year, but most systems follow a universal design. This guide breaks down how to locate and operate wiper controls, troubleshoot common issues, and maintain your wipers for optimal performance. By the end, you’ll confidently handle any weather condition with ease.

​Why Windshield Wipers Matter: The Safety Basics​

Before diving into operation, it’s worth emphasizing why wipers are non-negotiable. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), reduced visibility contributes to over 16% of all traffic accidents. Rain, snow, mud, or even dead insects on your windshield can blur your view in seconds. Wipers counter this by physically removing debris, ensuring you see lane lines, traffic signals, and obstacles. Familiarity with their operation isn’t just convenient—it’s a lifesaver.

​Locating the Windshield Wiper Controls: Where to Look​

Wiper controls are almost always within easy reach of the driver, designed for quick access in emergencies. Their placement depends on your vehicle’s design, but three common locations dominate:

​1. Steering Column Lever (Most Common)​​

Found in most sedans, SUVs, and trucks (e.g., Toyota Camry, Ford F-150, Honda CR-V), the wiper controls are mounted on the right side of the steering column, often as a multi-function lever. This design lets you adjust wiper speed, activate the washer fluid, and sometimes control headlight washers—all without taking your hand far from the wheel.

​2. Dashboard Buttons or Dial (Modern/European Models)​​

Luxury or newer vehicles (e.g., BMW 3 Series, Mercedes-Benz C-Class, Tesla Model 3) may place wiper controls on the dashboard, near the infotainment screen or steering wheel. Some use physical buttons with icons (a wiper symbol for low/high speed, a spray bottle for washer fluid), while others integrate them into touchscreen menus.

​3. Left Side of the Steering Column (Rare)​​

A small number of vehicles, particularly older European models (e.g., classic Volkswagens or some Saabs), have wiper controls on the left side of the column. This is less intuitive for right-handed drivers but follows regional design norms.

​Step-by-Step: How to Turn On Windshield Wipers​

Once you’ve located the controls, operating them is straightforward. Below is a universal guide, with notes on variations by vehicle type.

​Step 1: Start Your Vehicle​

Wipers require power from the car’s electrical system. Always start your engine first—even if your vehicle has a “push-to-start” ignition. For electric vehicles (EVs), ensure the car is in “on” mode (not just accessory power) to activate the wipers.

​Step 2: Identify the Wiper Lever/Dial Functions​

Most levers have multiple positions, labeled with icons or notches. Here’s what to expect:

• ​Off (0):​​ The default position; wipers are stationary.

• ​Intermittent (INT):​​ Wipers sweep at adjustable intervals (e.g., every 2–10 seconds). Some levers have a twistable top to adjust the delay; others use buttons on the lever.

• ​Low Speed (LO):​​ Continuous slow sweeping (≈10–15 strokes per minute). Ideal for steady rain.

• ​High Speed (HI):​​ Rapid sweeping (≈30–40 strokes per minute). Use in heavy downpours or when clearing thick debris.

• ​Mist (Single Wipe):​​ Pressing this (often a small button on the lever) triggers one or two quick sweeps. Perfect for light drizzle or removing a single splash of mud.

​Step 3: Activate Washer Fluid (If Needed)​​

To spray windshield washer fluid (to loosen dirt, bugs, or grime), press the top of the lever or a separate “washer” button (often marked with a spray bottle icon). Most vehicles spray fluid for 2–3 seconds, simultaneously activating the wipers to spread the solution. Note: Washer fluid reservoirs need refilling periodically (check the owner’s manual for capacity; standard is 1–3 gallons).

​Special Cases: Winter, Automatic Wipers, and Malfunctions​

Weather extremes and modern tech add nuance to wiper operation. Here’s how to handle tricky scenarios:

​Winter: Frozen Wipers​

In cold climates, wipers can stick to the windshield overnight, frozen by ice or snow. ​Never force them on—this can burn out the motor or snap the blades. Instead:

• Use a plastic scraper to gently lift the wiper arms from the glass.

• Pour warm (not boiling) water over the blade or use a car-safe de-icer spray.

• Once free, lift the wipers and clear snow/ice from the windshield before driving.

​Automatic Windshield Wipers​

Many new cars (e.g., Subaru Outback, Audi A4) have “auto” wipers that use a sensor (usually mounted on the windshield near the rearview mirror) to detect rain. To use them:

• Locate the “AUTO” setting on your lever or dashboard.

• Adjust sensitivity via the infotainment menu (labeled “Rain Sensitivity” or similar). Higher settings trigger wipers at lighter rain; lower settings wait for heavier drops.

• Calibrate if needed: Some vehicles require the sensor to be clean (wipe it with glass cleaner) or the car to be in park to learn patterns.

​Wipers Not Working? Troubleshooting Tips​

If your wipers won’t activate, check these common issues:

• ​Blown Fuse:​​ Consult your owner’s manual for the wiper fuse location (often in the interior or under-hood fuse box). Replace with a fuse of the same amperage.

• ​Dead Motor:​​ If the wipers don’t move but you hear a humming noise, the motor may be failing. Professional repair is likely needed.

• ​Obstructed Blades:​​ Stuck blades (from debris or ice) can prevent movement. Lift them and clear any blockages.

• ​Battery Issues:​​ Weak batteries may not send enough power to wipers. Jump-start the car or test the battery with a multimeter.

​Maintenance: Keeping Wipers Effective Long-Term​

Even if you know how to turn them on, worn wipers won’t clear your windshield properly. Follow these tips to extend their life:

​Clean Blades Regularly​

Road grime, tree sap, and bird droppings create a film that makes wipers streak. Wipe blades monthly with a microfiber cloth dipped in rubbing alcohol or glass cleaner.

​Replace Worn Blades​

Signs it’s time to replace: streaking, chattering (skipping across the glass), or cracks in the rubber. Most experts recommend replacing blades every 6–12 months, or sooner if you drive in harsh conditions (sun, salt, heavy rain).

​Check Wiper Arms​

Over time, arms can bend or lose tension, preventing full contact with the glass. If wipers leave streaks in the middle or edges, gently bend the arm back into shape or replace it.

​Final Thoughts: Practice Makes Safe​

Knowing how to turn on windshield wipers is a simple but vital skill. Take 5 minutes today to locate your vehicle’s controls—whether it’s a lever on the steering column or buttons on the dash—and test each function (intermittent, low, high, mist, washer). Familiarity removes stress in emergencies, letting you focus on the road.

Remember: Wipers are only as good as their maintenance. Keep blades clean, replace them when worn, and address malfunctions promptly. By doing so, you’ll ensure clear vision in every weather, making every drive safer for you, your passengers, and everyone on the road.

Stay safe, stay prepared—and happy driving!